Cat Life Stages: Providing the Best Care for Your Cat at Any Age

Prime Cat Stage (Three to Six Years)

At this stage, your cat is in the prime of her life — about the equivalent of a human in her twenties and thirties.

• Appearance: A cat at this stage should be at the peak of health and physical fitness. She's as long and tall as she's going to get, and should be filled out but not overweight, with a sleek body and a healthy, shiny coat.
• Behavior: By now your kitty should be fully settled into her natural adult temperament, which varies from cat to cat. Barring the development of any behavior-altering illnesses or disorders, the personality your cat displays now is the personality she'll have for the rest of her life. She should be active and playful, with her routines and her territory well-established.
• Care and training: ;Although in peak health, caring for adult cats in their prime should still involve regular health checkups. By this point, your cat should be fully trained, although she may test boundaries from time to time and need to be gently reminded of the rules. If a cat hasn't outgrown problematic behavior at this stage, you may need to consult a professional trainer for help to correct the behavior, and check with your vet to make sure the undesirable behavior doesn't have an underlying medical cause. If you choose to adopt an adult cat, you can still train her. Cats, unlike dogs, are more independent in nature, so it may seem difficult to train your cat, but it's definitely possible so just be patient with her.
• Nutritional needs: Your cat at this stage can continue eating a standard adult cat food formula, barring any special health considerations that may arise that require a special food.

Mature Cat Stage (Seven to Ten Years)

A mature cat is about the equivalent of a middle-aged human in his or her forties or fifties.

• Appearance: Outwardly, your mature cat might appear no different than a cat in her prime, especially if she remains active. Cats in this life stage are more prone to weight gain and obesity, however, so it's not unusual for her to put on weight, and her coat might begin to lose some of its sheen.
• Behavior: Although some cats remain active and playful well into their senior years, it's not unusual for a mature cat to slow down and become more sedentary.
• Care and training: As with a younger adult cat, you may need to reinforce training from time to time, but not often. Caring for cats at this mature stage is more involved, as they are not only at higher risk of obesity and obesity-related health problems, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, but their risk of cancer and other illnesses like kidney or thyroid disease. She should get regular checkups with the vet and also be closely monitored at home for signs of illness, such as weight loss, unusual vomiting or diarrhea.
• Nutritional needs: Mature cats require an array of nutrients to keep their body in tip-top shape. This includes vitamins C and E to boost her immune system. If she's prone to packing a few extra pounds, you may need to adjust her food to accommodate her activity level.

Senior and Geriatric Cat Stage (Eleven Years and Older)

Cats in their advanced years are separated into two cat life stages. Those from eleven to fourteen years of age are considered senior cats, which is about the equivalent of a human in his sixties and seventies. Ages of fifteen years of age and older are considered geriatric cats.

• Appearance: Senior cats are likely to show signs of aging, such as developing more white in their fur and losing luster in their coats. These features may grow more pronounced as they continue to age.
• Behavior: Cats in these advanced cat life stages are at increased risk to the conditions and illnesses mentioned in the mature stage, and are also prone to mobility issues caused by arthritis or other joint problems. This may cause your cat to slow down considerably, and it may also cause her to stop using the litter box, especially if it has high walls that are hard to climb over or is in a hard-to-reach location. Cats in advanced life stages are also at risk for becoming senile. This may cause them to forget their litter training, and it could also cause them to forget to do things like eat or drink. Cats with dementia often become agitated and may express their agitation with loud yowling, according to the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine.
• Care and training: Caring for senior and geriatric cats can be a challenge. Your elderly cat should continue to receive regular health checkups and be closely monitored for health problems. At this stage, the main focus is to keep her comfortable and as healthy as possible for as long as possible. Be sure her litter box is easy for her to get in and out of and that her food and water are easy to get to. If she shows signs of senility, you may need to remind her to eat her food and drink her water throughout the day. Many aging cats go on to live long lives in their senior life stage and can be quite active, but their playtime may just not last as long. The good news is that she may be more willing to cuddle, strengthening your bond even further.
• Nutritional needs: If she develops health problems, your vet may put your kitty on a therapeutic cat food as part of her treatment. Otherwise, a quality senior cat food formula should sufficiently meet all her nutritional needs. If your cat isn't drinking enough water, your vet may recommend switching to moist cat food in order to help her stay hydrated.

As you can see, cats go through a number of changes throughout their lives. By knowing the current life stage of your cat, you'll be able to tailor her care accordingly to help provide her with optimal health, nutrition and quality of life so you two can experience the joys of life together.